Those who are aged, unwell or who have mobility issues are the most at risk of developing bed sores. Bed sores are also commonly called pressure sores or pressure ulcers.
For example, people at risk include those with:
PRESSURE SORES
• Incontinence problems - The dampness caused by incontinence can make the skin susceptible to damage
• Illnesses, for example diabetes, motor dysfunction, immune deficiencies and nutritional disorders
• Dementia, which can prevent people recognising discomfort and regularly moving their bodies in the normal way.
• Those who are in a wheelchair, chair or bed for the majority of the time.
Identifying bed sores
The following symptoms are signs that someone may have a pressure sore or be at risk of developing one:
• Is the skin discoloured? Look out for red or purple-coloured skin
• Sometimes pressure ulcers can have a foul odour
• The area is likely to be redder and warmer than the rest of the body
• There will often be swelling
• Ask the patient if the area is painful to the touch
• Sometimes pressure sores ooze pus
Preventing pressure sores
It's important to prevent bed sores as far as possible as they can deteriorate in condition and cause discomfort. Here are some tips on keeping pressure ulcers at bay:
• The patient's position must be shifted regularly - a minimum of once every two hours or every hour for very frail individuals. Someone needs to be on hand to do this if they can't move themselves around.
• Eating a healthy diet can help prevent pressure sores
• The skin must be kept as clean and dry as possible. Although the skin should be moisturised to prevent dryness, it should never be wet to the touch.
• Incontinence pads should be used if the patient is incontinent. They should be changed regularly.
• If you're not a medical professional, consult a doctor or nurse if you think that pressure sores may be developing.
• Use specially designed sheets, pillowcases, underwear and bootees which are designed to avoid friction and shear on the skin and tissue.
Treating pressure sores
When you treat pressure sores, you want to avoid the ulcer becoming any worse.
• Make sure pressure is relieved from pressure points at regular intervals - keep moving the patient every hour or so
• Encourage the patient to keep pressure off vulnerable areas such as knees, elbows and hips.
• Keep wounds clean and dry
• Use non friction and anti-shear dressings so that there is no drag or rub on the wound
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